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Francis Harry Compton Crick was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist and neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1962.
During World War II he had to work on developments for the military, and in 1947 he turned to biology at the Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge. In 1949 he moved to the University Medical Research Council at Cavendish Laboratories. Using X-ray diffraction studies of DNA by biophysicist Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004) and X-ray diffraction images taken by Rosalind Franklin, biophysicist James Watson and Crick were able to construct a molecular model consistent with the known physical and chemical properties of DNA.
This achievement became a cornerstone of genetics and was regarded as one of the most important discoveries of 20th century biology. In 1962, Francis Crick, along with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for determining the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the chemical ultimately responsible for the hereditary control of life functions.
From 1977 until the end of his life, Crick served as professor emeritus at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, California, where he conducted research on the neurological basis of consciousness. He also wrote several books. In 1991, Francis Crick received the Order of Merit.
Félix González-Torres was a Cuban-born American visual artist. He lived and worked primarily in New York City between 1979 and 1995 after attending university in Puerto Rico. González-Torres was known for his minimalist installations and sculptures composed of everyday materials such as strings of lightbulbs, clocks, stacks of paper, or packaged hard candies. In 1987, he joined Group Material, a New York-based group of artists whose intention was to work collaboratively, adhering to principles of cultural activism and community education, much of which was influenced by the artist's experience as an openly gay man. González-Torres is known for having made significant contributions to the field of conceptual art in the 1980s and 1990s. His practice continues to influence and be influenced by present-day cultural discourses.
Roy Fox Lichtenstein, an American icon of the Pop Art movement, is celebrated for his comic strip-inspired art. Born in 1923 in New York City, Lichtenstein's journey into the art world was marked by various phases, evolving from Cubism and Abstract Expressionism to the distinctive Pop Art style he is renowned for.
Roy Lichtenstein's artistic career gained momentum in the 1960s, a period during which he embraced the comic strip as his primary source of inspiration. His pioneering use of Ben-Day dots, a technique borrowed from commercial printing, became his signature style, bringing a new visual language to fine art. His approach transformed mundane subjects from popular culture into compelling fine art, challenging traditional notions of artistry.
Among his most notable works, "Drowning Girl" (1963), displayed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, exemplifies his iconic style with its bold lines, vivid colors, and Ben-Day dots. This piece, along with others like "Look Mickey" and "Whaam!", played a critical role in establishing Pop Art as a major art movement, contrasting starkly with the Abstract Expressionism prevalent at the time.
Roy Lichtenstein's art was not just limited to canvas; he explored multiple media, showcasing his versatility. His shift to Pop Art marked a significant turn in his career, bringing him fame and controversy alike. His works, often based on comic strips and advertisements, were both a parody and homage to the mass-produced, consumerist culture of his time.
For art collectors and experts, Lichtenstein's works offer a fascinating glimpse into a transformative era in art history. His approach to Pop Art remains influential, and his works are celebrated worldwide for their innovative and provocative style.
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